MPs will vote next week on two controversial pieces of legislation to curb asylum numbers which were drawn up by the right-wing government, but it remains unclear whether they will win enough support.

Parliament debated the proposals for 15 hours on Thursday night, with the outcome hinging on the far-right PVV and the Christian Democrats. CDA backing is needed to push the plans through the upper house, but the party has said it will not vote in favour without major changes.

The PVV, which withdrew from the cabinet earlier this month, has said it will not accept any amendments to the measures, which were drawn up by its immigration minister Marjolein Faber as part of what she called the “toughest asylum regime ever”.

The first bill scraps permanent residency permits for refugees, reduces the initial refugee permit from five to three years, and bars family reunification until refugees have lived in the Netherlands for two years and have secured housing and an income.

The second bill would allow officials to differentiate between people who fled their home country because of their ethnicity, sexual orientation or religion, and those who fled war or violence, including natural disasters.

Both bills have been criticised by the Council of State and various other organisations for being over-hasty and ill thought through.

In particular, Bontenbal said, the two‑tier system must come into effect at the same time as the European migration pact, scheduled for June next year. The CDA also wants a transition period for migrants falling under the two‑tier system to allow officials enough time to prepare systems and staffing.

The immigration service IND has also argued in favour of aligning the start date with the EU migration pact next year. It warns that introducing national rule changes first, and then applying Brussels directives, would be too much for its already overstretched workforce.

Housing minister Mona Keijzer and justice minister David van Weel, who have each taken over parts of the asylum portfolio following the cabinet collapse, told MPs they do not plan to make major changes to the bills.

In total, some 50 amendments have been submitted by MPs from across the political spectrum.

The ministers also say that legislation to distribute refugees more evenly around the country would not be scrapped immediately, and there are no plans to make being in the Netherlands without valid papers a criminal offence.

MPs will vote on the amendments on Tuesday, and on the two full bills on Thursday.