The Dutch rail network is too vulnerable to sabotage, cyber attacks and rising military transport demands, according to a new report presented on Monday to junior transport minister Thierry Aartsen.

The study, drawn up by a government-backed planning agency OFL, concludes that the rail system has long been focused on efficiency and punctuality, but is ill-prepared for deliberate disruption.

“Our rail network is vulnerable and cannot handle the growing military transport without a major impact on civilian traffic,” said chairman Christophe van der Maat, “That is why additional measures are needed, including for our Nato commitments.”

Van der Maat said that action cannot wait. “It’s not a question of if but when we face sabotage of our vital infrastructure,” he said. “Threats are becoming more complex and more damaging. Waiting is not an option.”

The report recommends investing at least €600 million to strengthen security and resilience in the rail network. It calls for better access control, smart detection systems, anti-drone measures, mobile backup systems and longer platforms for military trains.

“A strong, well-connected and secure rail network is essential for our safety,” Aartsen said. “This means investing in security, repair capacity and military transport. The government and rail sector must act now.”

The ministry will now work with ProRail and the defence ministry to give military transport priority on the network and remove border delays. The next government will have to decide on the €600 million starting budget.