The Netherlands’ anti-terrorism co-ordinator has warned of a potential surge in disinformation during next month’s Nato summit in The Hague.

Pieter-Jaap Aalbersberg said security services were preparing for possible cyber attacks, espionage and social unrest when delegates gather in the city on June 24 and 25.

“We can never be completely open about security, but it is the largest logistical operation ever to take place on Dutch soil,” he said.

He said authorities would be constantly co-ordinating their efforts to identify disinformation and decide who should respond to it and how. “It will then be up to the agency affected to decide whether to debunk or deny the information and what language to use.”

Some 27,000 police officers and 5,000 armed forces personnel will be on duty in The Hague during the summit, while the government has advised people living in the area to work from home if possible and others to avoid travelling to the area.

The organisers. have also said there will be room for small-scale protests around the World Forum, where the summit is being held, but large demonstrations will be directed to the Malieveld.

The Johan de Wittlaan, one of the main routes out of the city towards Wassenaar and Amsterdam, has already been closed so temporary buildings can be erected outside the venue.

Two runways at Schiphol airport will be closed and aircraft will be banned from flying within 16 kilometres of The Hague. An exclusion zone will apply along a 22-kilometre stretch of coastline between Hook of Holland and Noordwijk.

US president Donald Trump has threatened to stay away from the summit unless other Nato members agree to raise their defence spending to 5% of GDP, German news magazine Der Spiegel reported last week.

Organisers said they still expected Trump to attend. “We are preparing on the basis that he will be here as a guest in the Netherlands and that is part of the whole operation,” Aalbersberg said.