Reintroducing border checks between the members of the Schengen open border area would cost the Dutch economy €9bn by 2020, according to calculations by the government’s macro-economic policy unit CPB.

This is the equivalent of a 1.3% drop in GDP, the think tank said. The financial impact on the EU as a whole would be  €110m over the five-year period, or a 0.7 percentage point cut in GDP.

The effect on the Dutch economy would be more severe because the Netherlands depends largely on foreign trade, the CPB said.

Read the Central Economic Plan (English)